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Starch is the largest quantity of the substance in this world. It’s unlimited material and renewable one. And because of its properties such as high freeze-thaw stability, high paste clarity, and high paste viscosity, tapioca starch is used in many applications of industries. In different countries, tapioca has a different name also. For example, in Malaysia it is called "Ubi Kayu", in Vietnam, it is named bột năng. In Indonesia named singkong. In Britain, tapioca point to a milk pudding thickened with arrowroot.

Starch could be divided into two kinds: modified and native. Modified starch usually used for application industry that employs some enzymatic modification, chemical, physical, and techniques. Therefore, modified starch is a native starch that’s been modified its chemical or physical properties.  And because of this modification, modifying starch is necessary to give these properties: gelatinization, thickening, adhesiveness, film formation, enhance palatability and sheen, to increase water retention and to add or remove opacity. 

Manufacturing Process

Production of tapioca starch can be separated into 4 stages of the process: preparation and extraction, purification, removal of water and fishing process. In preparation and extraction process, some operation will do such as washing and peel the cassava roots, rasping them and straining the pulp with the addition of water. The purification process is done by sedimentation, washing the starch in tanks, settling, and centrifuging. Next process, removing water is by drying and centrifuging. Final process, finishing is by grinding, bolting or another finishing operation.

Manufacturing of Tapioca Starch is done by these processes: Peeling and Washing, Rasping or Pulping, Screening, Settling and Purification of Starch, and Drying.

Textile Industry

Starch has an important role in three stages of production of textiles: mixing, printing, and finishing. It is also used as finished agents to obtain smooth fabrics and color thickeners to obtain sharp and durable printed fabrics. The viscosity has to reduce either by the starch maker or by in-line during jet cooking with heat stable amylase.